Scientific Reports in Life Sciences

Scientific principles for studying the soil requirements of the medicinal plant Allium jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse

Ali Rahimi — 2025-08-27

This study investigates the soil and nutritional requirements of the medicinal plant Allium jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse with a focus on the role of fertilizers and biofertilizers in improving growth and quality. The results showed that plants grown in soils treated with ammonium sulfate had higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, and B compared to those treated with calcium nitrate. Allium jesdianum was able to reduce rhizosphere pH through the release of organic acids and protons, facilitating nutrient uptake in alkaline soils. The application of mycorrhizal biofertilizers further enhanced nutrient absorption, especially phosphorus and micronutrients, and improved soil quality by contributing to physical, chemical, and biological balance. These findings highlight the importance of integrated nutrient management in promoting the yield, medicinal quality, and sustainability of Allium jesdianum cultivation.

A review of the fossil records of dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous from present-day Pakistan

Hans-Volker Karl — 2025-08-27

Recent geological and paleontological studies in Pakistan have discovered fossils of various prehistoric biota, including dinosaurs. Pakistan is rich in paleontological evidence from the Mesozoic era, especially traces and tracks from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. These prehistoric fossils are important for paleo-biogeographic studies because these Mesozoic faunae show significant paleo-biogeographic connections with Gondwana, as most dinosaurs such as titanosaur sauropods, carnivorous abelisaurids, and theropods are closely associated with Gondwana (Southern hemisphere), in contrast to the Cenozoic shows close relationships with the Eurasian biota. About 400 fossil bones have been found in the upper shale layer of the true Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation, which is the base of the titanosaur group. Pakistan is a unique country, where 15 species of titanosaurs were discovered in a small area at the Sangyali site of Vitakri Dome (Barkhan district of Baluchistan). The first fossil of a dinosaur was reported in 2000, while the last dinosaur (Imrankhanshaheen) was reported in August 2024 from Pakistan. This investigation corresponds to the fossils of about 3000 Saurischian dinosaurs and some footprints and trackways of these Mesozoic dinosaurs. So far, 45 taxa are known; most were discovered, collected, scientifically documented, and published by Muhammad Sadiq Malkani, the former director of the Geological Survey of Pakistan.

A case study of oral and dental diseases (stomatopathy) in the late medieval period of Thuringia, Central Germany

Hans-Volker Karl — 2025-08-27

Interpreting dental "health" in archaeologically discovered skeletal assemblages is difficult due to the lack of patient history, unclear pathological processes, broad etiologies, and cultural understanding of hygiene. Analysis of oral pathology is often part of bio-archaeological and paleo-pathological studies. Although accurate, oral health can also provide insights into general or systemic health. This article examines pathological conditions of the oral cavity in the medieval period and evaluates the paleopathological conditions of the oral cavity. This article investigates the relationship between oral health and health in the past by examining the relationship between oral pathology and mortality in a cemetery sample from medieval Germany. The skull was found during excavations at the archaeological department of the Erfurt Monument Conservation Office in the northern Sulze district of the central German state of Thuringia and may date from the 13th to the 14th century. The current study suggests that stomatopathy can be used as an informative indicator of general health in past populations, which examines an individual's oral and dental pathologies from the late Medieval Age. The analysis focused on odontological analysis and some dental parameters such as tooth wear, caries, and periodontitis.

New records in the alien flora of Libya: Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm (Euphorbiaceae)

Nuwarah Mohammed Bahri — 2025-08-27

Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm is recorded for the first time as part of the flora of Libya. This widespread wild weed was collected during 2023–2024 from various locations, including regions in Sabha and Ariggiba (approximately 110 km southwest of Sabha city). To aid in its identification and facilitate future studies, a comprehensive description of the species, habitat information, a distribution map, and distribution data are provided. Additionally, a brief discussion highlights the most significant threats associated with this species.

Potential impact of climate change on body condition and jump capacity of tree frogs from the southeastern part of Madagascar

Rodin Raberanto — 2025-08-27

We studied the impact of temperature changes on body fitness and jumping performance of tree frogs from forest fragments around Ambalavero, southeastern Madagascar. Animals were captured and measured before the experimentation. They were placed in a small temperature-controlled box where the temperature was increased by 5 to 10°C above their natural conditions. Our results showed a decline in body mass and jumping performance after the experiment. These findings informed the vulnerability of amphibians to climate change.

Habitat quality and roost preference of jewelled chameleon (Furcifer campani) in Ankaratra highlands, central Madagascar

Rodlis Raphali Andriantsimanarilafy — 2025-08-27

We studied the habitat preferences of Furcifer campani from Ankaratra motne, the second-highest montane of Madagascar. Density of the species differs between habitat qualities, which is a lower density in high-disturbed areas, and the animal's nocturnal roost height varies between area types; however, this variation isn’t significant. Bushfire is one of the main threats to this species, which acts in two directions such as: destroying its habitat and also directly killing it by calcination.